Friday, May 31, 2019

Music and Murder :: essays research papers

Documentaries serve to draw a response through the habituate of literary techniques in order to present a particular point of view. Michael Cordells Music and Murder subscribes to this principle, the documentary foc manipulations on three men military service prison sentences for taking a life and how music has changed and shaped their outlook on their own lives. Music, structure, verbal language and selection of detail all conk on the attestants feelings which serve to draw a positive response towards rehabilitation in prisons.Music and Murder follows Vernon Kronk who killed an infant because it wet the bed, Geoffrey Websdale who shot unfounded two people and injured one and Daniel Miles who stabbed his girlfriend. All three prisoners are serving sentences in prison for their crimes and all three with the help of the prison teachers bedevil found an interest in music.Music and Murder as a title for this documentary is very peculiar in that it hints that the two themes go tog ether, umpteen would see such a title as a paradox and that if rehabilitation was the only issue Music after Murder would be a more suitable title, however the emotional maturing through music is important in the documentary. Music recorded by the prisoners is played throughout the documentary, this attempts to give the viewer insight into the emotions felt by the musicians. The music is described by one of the prisons music teachers as coming from the heart, because we cast off not discovered the crimes that the prisoners have committed the music attempts to draw on feelings of sympathy from the viewer for the men. Much of the documentary is left to periods of the mens music these periods are an expression of emotion by which the notion of humanity and a second chance is put forward.The structure, the order parts of the documentary are presented determine how prisoners are constructed by the viewer. In Music and Murder Vernon, Geoffrey and Daniel are all constructed in the same w ay and overall the documentary works to construct the prisoners as people deserving of the viewers trust. In the beginning of the documentary the prison is described and shown as concrete and metal and there are close-ups of the metal bars, locks and razor-wire. This use of montage re-establishes the viewers preliminary idea of prison as punishment. After this the music is introduced by the respected teachers as not leisure but a constructive way to use their time in prison, having the punishment aspect of prison introduced before the music gives the viewer a positive on the idea as music as rehabilitation and not just as leisure.

Self-mutilation Essay -- essays research papers

There atomic number 18 many different definitions for self-mutilations, also known as self-injury, self-harm, or self-inflicted violence. One definition of self-mutilation is that is any self-directed, repetitive behavior that causes physical injury. Another definition is that self-mutilation is self-inflicted physical harm severe enough to cause tissue damage d angiotensin-converting enzyme without suicidal intent. This is just one example of the blurriness of the boundaries of self-mutilation. It is very hard to pin point exactly who or why lot self-mutilate, however there are known endangerment factors. The known risk factors are the female gender, of adolescence and college age, involved in substance abuse, having a personality disorder, and having a history of self-mutilation. This does not limit the occurrence of self-mutilation within other genders or other ages. For example it is not very common that elderly people will self-injure, but there are clinical reports of it occurring in this age group before. The occurrence of self-injury can not be defined to one particular group of people. plurality who self-mutilate can be survivors of abuse, people who carry eating disorders, or people who suffer from substance abuse. It can also occur in homes where there is violence with an inhibition of verbally expressing their emotions, or in a home that loses a parent do to death or divorce. However you can not limit this illness to people who are to a greater extent susceptible, it also occurs in teachers, medical professionals, lawyers, engineers, and high-achieving high-school students. People most commonly use self-injury as a coping mechanism to relieve the tensity or distress. People say that self-mutilating lets them forget about any feelings that they want to free themselves from. If the person uses the cutting self-mutilation they may feel that seeing the blood gives them a sense of eudaimonia and strength. This would give them a feeling of empow erment, and they feel in control by enduring the pain that they inflict on themselves. Along with the feeling of releasing their tension and frustration there are other factors that can lead to self-injury. One of these factors is the lack or a role model, or the feeling of invalidation. Most people who self injure were chronically invalidated as a child, which led them to having a feeling of worthlessness. I... ...in other whimsey control disorders and help to control the impulse of people who self-mutilate. There are also psychotherapeutic approaches, such as psychodynamic psychotherapy. This is the most common form of individual therapy. This therapy teaches self-mutilators more healthy ways to people with negative things. Another psychotherapeutic approach would be dialectical behavior therapy this therapy combines cognitive, behavioral, and bet onive interventions. self-mutilation is an unfortunate issue that people have to deal with, but with support from their families an d friends, it can be resolved. One important thing to remember is that self-mutilation is not a failed suicide attempt. Also, people who self-injure are not bad people they are just people that have to deal with some overwhelming issues that they dont know how to deal with otherwise.SourcesFong, Timothy. Self-mutilation Impulsive traits suggest new drug therapies. Self-mutilation. Feb. 2003. Dec. 15, 2004 .Martisnson, Deb. Self Injury Fact Sheet. Self Injury Fact Sheet. 1999. Dec. 15, 2004 .Self-mutilation the truth behind the shame. Over view of self-injury, self-mutilation. 2000. Dec. 15, 2004 .

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Change

orbiculate Warming In the February 1st edition of the New York Times, journalist Andrew C. Revkin discusses the go up threat of global warming, and more importantly, the disagreement between various nations and institutions upon the definition of dangerously high global warming. Revkins article, titled Deciding How Much Global Warming Is Too Much, brings to light the various failed attempts at creating a barrier at which industrialized countries (the main producers of the greenhouse gasses which result in global warming) ordain cut the release of harmful gasses into the atmosphere. Revkin also discusses how upcoming events, conferences reports will hopefully solve this problem.The initial proposal for controlling global warming was signed oer 11 years ago, in these proposal 193 countries agreed to cut human interference with the environment, if the environment were to reach a direct of certain danger. However, within this pact there is no specific definition of danger. This lack of a clear description of danger has led to one failed conference, Kyoto, and hundreds of countries, scientists, and policymakers to attempt an agreement on the level of damage caused by global warming. Recently, many countries have requested a definition of unacceptable risk by measuring and comparing the change in average temperature. The European Union has responded to these requests by agreeing upon the raise in temperature of 2.5 degrees or beyond as being far too da...

The Unresolved Bridge Problem Essay -- Philosopher Karl Popper

Philosopher Karl Popper, an inductive skeptic, is criticized by his objection to confirmation. Rather than using the shape confirmation to describe a theory that has continued to be proven correctly, Popper created his own term. Popper says that corroboration is a term used to describe theories that control been tested and not yet falsified. concord to Peter Godfrey-Smith (G-S), Popper can say why we should prefer to use a theory that has not been falsified over a theory that has been falsified (Smith 68). The problem with Popper lies when he is presented with ii theories, neither of which has been falsified. This is when Popper has difficulty choosing one theory over an otherwise. This situation can be better understood by looking at the bridge problem. I will argue that Popper is unable to solve the bridge problem using corroboration because the term is synonymous with confirmation. There are two theories (T1 surmisal One) and (T2 Theory Two) that have differe nt implications for how to build a bridge. These two theories are similar because they both have not been falsified however they differ because one has been tested and the other has not. The theories are stated explicitly below.T1 Theory that has been tested many times and has never been falsifiedT2 Theory that has never been tested and has never been falsifiedNext we can formally reconstruct the argument in modus ponens form as follows (P1)If T1 is corroborated, then T1 is rational(P2)T1 is corroborated(C)T1 is rationalBefore I say what is wrong with the argument, I want to explain the bridge objection. In Theory and Reality, G-S presents the bridge problem, which is a response to Popper made by inductivists. I chose to explain this... ...t his term corroboration is synonymous to confirmation.In conclusion, I have argued that Popper is unable to solve the volleyball problem using corroboration because the term is synonymous with corroboration and Popper denies confirmation. Grant ed, there must be more to what Popper thinks of corroboration, we have no reason from the readings to see why the two terms corroboration and confirmation differ. Until Popper says more about corroboration we are entitled to treat the term as equivalent in meaning to confirmationWork CitedBlackmon, James. Lecture 13 Confirmation. Philosophy 30. UC DAVIS. Davis, 5 Nov2013. Blackmon, James. Lecture 17 Poppers Bridge. Philosophy 30. UC DAVIS. Davis, 26 Nov2013. Godfrey-Smith, Peter. Theory and Reality An Introduction to thePhilosophy of Science. Chicago University of Chicago, 2003. Print.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Essay --

Webster defines feminism as both the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes and organized action mechanism on the behalf of womens rights and interests (Webster 418). Equality of the sexes (in terms of rights) and the furthering of womens rights are seemingly positive aspirations yet people tend to describe feminism using negative terms, and feminism nowadays has acquired a bad reputation. Radical and extremists are adjectives commonly applied to feminism as a whole, when, in truth, feminists who adopt extreme positions constitute the minority. Moreover, these gender feminists, or militant feminists, as many call them, although they receive the most public attention because of their aggressive tactics and high visibility, alienate people in beam their views. Their goal, to create a sentimental priesthood that will achieve collective power and retribution as oppressed victims of a white-male supremacy, seems unreasonable (Himmelfarb 20). In contrast, eq uity feminists, or academic feminists, embrace the basic principles of feminism. They celebrate womens achievements, work for the individual rights of all women, and, as Christina Hoff Sommers aptly says, want for women what they want for every unmatchable, equal protection chthonian the faithfulness (Himmelfarb 20). Though not all feminists agree on how to reach this goal, most argue for a reasonable, realistic, and positive method. By contrasting the differing feminist ideas of writers like Adrienne Rich, Gertrude Himmelfarb, and Camille Paglia, one defines a winning brand of feminism a philosophy founded on equity feminist ideology and dedicated to the achievement of social, political, economic, and intellectual reform. David Thomas and Camille Pag... ...minism by constantly raising the stakes, and seeking not mere reform or revision...but revolution (Himmelfarb 20). In this way, they isolate themselves and lose support among both men and women for the replete(p) feminist cau se. John Ellis concludes that gender feminism poisons relations between the sexes, and catapults into leadership roles in the womens movement angry, alienated women who divert that movement from the necessary task of exploring practicable changes (74). People need to know that feminism, based on its essential ideals and goals, has broad appeal, and that they should not dismiss it because of a specific sector. They must look beyond the extremists to queue up a branch of feminism that welcomes all people and focuses on a positive and reasonable goal a society that affords everyone the opportunity and right under the law to reach his or her potential.

indias safest cars :: essays research papers

How often do you wake up to the newsworthiness of a road possibility that killed a few people in some part of the country? Almost everyday, right? Then you quickly browse through the other news and life goes on. Every year, over 80,000 people die on Indian roads every five road accidents leave one dead. Yet, its just a statistic, which hardly changes our apathy towards road safety. Yes, road safety is an unpleasant, boring subject, but remember, it affects us all.How safe is the car you are driving or about to deal? How does one rate safety and who does it? We have compiled some information on a handful of cars that are available across the world and are as well as on sale in India, and their safety features and test results. We think you have the right to know.First, a little backgrounder. By law, all cars have to be well-tried and have to meet certain standards to be street legal. New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) are carried out by various testing agencies in the get tog ether States, Europe, Japan and Australia amongst other countries.The European NCAP carries out the most stringent crash tests, as well as pedestrian and child safety tests vis--vis other mind programmes. Euro NCAP is a collaboration between governmental and automotive associations and is overseen by the FIA (Federation Internationale de lAutomobile). The money for these expensive tests comes from the EU, by which the widest possible range of models can be assessed. Euro NCAP carries out frontage offset, side impact and pole test and has a simple rating system that awards stars out of five. This rating system makes it easy to interpret safety standards in cars before people go out to buy them. Over and above this, manufacturers can go ahead and carry out further tests that are not required by legislation and choose to incorporate these additional safety features. Lets then see how the cars have fared now.The Hyundai Accent GLS got an adult occupant rating of 2.5 stars and a pedest rian test rating of 2 stars. The levels of chest injury in adult occupants was exceptionally high, and hence the Accent missed out a panoptic third star. Moreover, this car was fitted with a driver side airbag. For cars sold in Europe, side airbags come as an option. Accents are also equipped with Isofix anchorages and are electronically assisted by ABS and EBD.

Monday, May 27, 2019

The Two-Point Threshold Essay

I. IntroductionIn the two- even doorsill experimentation it is obtained how coterminous two distinct sharp point tin can be together for a person to feel two points instead of angiotensin converting enzyme. The value of the two-point doorway is the minimal distance at which the present can feel two distinct points. The principle behind this experiment is the fact that mechanoreceptors are not distributed homogeneously in the skin of the human body. There are areas with a higher density and areas with a lower density of mechanoreceptors, making this certain area more or less sensitive. However, the smaller the distance is where the subject can feel two distinct points, the more mechanoreceptors must be present in this area, enabling a person to feel small flesh out in that part of the body. In this experiment we entrust test the two-point threshold at five ares of the body the back of the hand, the palm of the hand, fingertip, the back of the neck, and the calf of the leg. W ith these addicted areas, the fingertips will have a smaller two-point threshold than the back of the hand.II. Materials and MethodsFor this experiment a compass is used to apply two sharp points to the skin at the same time, and a ruler to measure the distance of these points. The independent variable for the experiment is the are where the two-point threshold is measured. The dependent variable is the two-point threshold, or in new(prenominal) words the smallest distance at which the subject can distinguish between one and two points at one of the five tested areas. At premiere the compass is set on the smallest value, 2mm, and applied to a certain area. If the subject does not feel two distinct points the distance between the points will be increased until the subject can feel two points. That way the smallest distance, the two-point threshold is obtained.III. ResultsThe Two-Point Threshold Values For All SubjectsCalculations/ T-TestFirst the fairish two-point threshold is r eckon for two areas by summing up all set and dividing the sum by the number of values,7. For the back of the hand it is an average of 22.4mm, and for the fingertips 4.71mm. Then the difference of each value to the average value is calculated and inserted in to the formula to calculate the standard release, where n is the number of subjects/values.X-X (back of hand) squareX-X (fingertips) square4,419,362,717,344,419,360,710,57,454,765,328,116,6275,560,30,17,657,761,72,896,440,961,72,891,41,961,31,69The squares for both independent variables will now be summed up and divided by n-1= 6 before the square root is taken.Back of the handFingertipsTo calculate the T-value the difference of the average values is subtracted by the square root of the sum of the two SD square divided by the number of subjects, 7.The calculated T-value for this experiment is 9,46.The Average Two-Point Threshold and Standard aberration for the Fingertips and the Back of the HandThe graph shows clearly that t he fingertips have a much smaller two-point threshold with an average of 4.71mm, than the back of the hand with 22.4mm. It also shows that the standard deviation for the fingertips is much lower with 2.69mm than the standard deviation of the subjects at the back of the hand with 8.85mm.IV. ConclusionThe results of the experiment support the hypothesis that the fingertips have a smaller two-point threshold than the back of the hand. It is supported by the average two-point threshold of both areas, while the fingertips have and average of 4.71mm and the back of the hand shows and average result of 22.4mm as two-point threshold which is almost five times greater compared to the average fingertip value. The T-test is a statistical hypothesis test to see if the hypothesis is supported. In this experiment a T-value of 9.46 was calculated to 6 degrees of freedom. According to the table there is a 0.0001% chance that the hypothesis is incorrect. So inother words this T-value supports the hy pothesis with over 99%.A source of error is certainly the number of subjects in the experiment. For a strongly supported hypothesis I would suggest a follow up experiment with many more subjects to make sure this hypothesis is still supported because only a few too high or low poesy can certainly change the results with only seven subjects. Also I would suggest to have only one tester in the follow up experiment because in this experiment there were seven testers, one for each subject and everybody measures slightly different. So instead of having human error involved from one tester, we have errors involved from seven. The last source of error is within the calculations. Rounding errors here and there can make a difference if the results are close together.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Lotus Car Rental Essay

The lotus Rental Car company is the gentlemans gentlemans leading company in a multimillion dollar constancy and hobo take this great opportunity to provide the consumer with alternate options in fomites by catering alternative burn fomites to its fleet in Los Angeles, California, it would be a ethical move for this company because alternative vehicles like hybridizings offer a less contaminated environment, better open fire economy, and the best in its m whizzy worth. Electric vehicles realize zero contamination, but are limited to the distance they can travel. Compare to gas ply vehicles offering unhopefuler mileage and higher emissions, which is a agent to the contamination of the air we breathe in. Also by adding the alternative vehicle can improve the companys image and present that we as a provider do care to the highest degree what we rent out to our consumer, and by providing that image the consumer would be motivated to drive a much cleaner vehicle that will protect the environment.With to a greater extent car companies coming out with alternative vehicles this would be the right move to make in investing in alternative vehicles and gaining that momentum that would push this company over the top of all our competitors. The standard railway locomotive vehicle has come a long way Conventional vehicles retain precisely grown to a greater extent than reliable. And year after year they come out with more improvements for the vehicles engine. The gasolene car has improved from decades before, and in the past century. Modern civilization depends on automobiles for much of its daily existence, to travel to work and back. Gas stations are everywhere and its easier to go and require up your car with gas, rather than go and sit and plug into a charging station. That being a one of pros to having a gas powered vehicle.However a growing disadvantage to having the gas powered vehicle are the gas prices rising. For every gallon of gas you put in your tank, only 1/5 produces mechanical energy that moves your car. The other 4/5 is lost as heat which is why the gas powered car has more engine move (The Amazing Rate, 2012). The more parts help the gas powered vehicle in cooling down and maintaining power. The parts convert gasthat is flowed through the move into energy, and more parts to manage the excessive heat. Take a Honda Civic EX, for example, normally the Civic would get roughly 24 mpg around the city and about 36 on the highway, thanks to developments such as the VTEC valve train profiling placement that adjusts as bucket along adjusts and keeps the engine working at optimal levels (Autos.com, 2014). The hybrid and voltaic cars that they go out for sale only make up one percent of 250 million sold in America. The maintenance of the car would add up after a couple years of having it, but would still cost you less than the alternative vehicle that wouldve got purchased over a gas powered car. The cost of maintenan ce is lower compared to hybrid vehicle. Spare parts and replacement kits are readily available on car service centers auto body part centers as well.The maintenance of gas powered vehicle is simple as ceaseless oil changes, air-filter changes, and spark plug replacements, keeping the vehicle in good condition will better the emissions and lengthen the lifespan of the vehicle and improve the gas mileage of the car. For most vehicles immediately dealers offer you more mileage and better coverage on the vehicle of choice, take for example the Ford 150 it offers you a flex-fuel, Eco-Boost truck and the offer more guarantee on the vehicle per miles and years. The point in that is for the company to lengthen the life of the truck and offer better gas mileage to the consumer. The gas powered car, truck, SUV all have the one thing in common and that is that they all run on gas and all vary on gas mileage. Maintenance would also vary, because it is not as cost effective as an alternative vehicle.The Gas powered vehicle has been the one vehicle around for decades and still will improve in reservation better and less cost effective vehicles for people to drive. Since the first galvanic car was made in 1900 by William Morrison there have been major(ip) technological advances throughout the century that have made todays electric car a more popular choice for the American consumer (Berman, 2009). It was not until 1999 when pursuance in electric cars began to increase due to growing concerns about the environment and drastic increases in gas prices (Berman, 2009). The electric car runs on an electric repulse and barrage to increase a vehicles miles per gallon ratio and does not require gasoline. The reason Lotus Car Rental did not bound off on to this opportunity was because at the time there was a $15,000 price difference between electric and gas engine vehicles. As of 2012 there isonly a $5,000 difference which is a more acceptable amount to consider and there a re now electric cars that are in the $15,000 to $20,000 carry (Cars Direct, 2012).The positives of electric cars are that they require no gas and they can be charged by electric stations around Los Angeles and they do not emit contaminant and that fact alone might persuade the consumer to rent an electric car (KBB, 2014). The average miles per full shelling charge in the city are about 120 miles and highway about 100 miles in town. The maintenance of an electric car is extremely low because there is no longer a fate to purchase gasoline and the company no longer has to do oil changes, air filter changes and emissions tests on a yearly basis thus creating a higher profit margin plus whatever major mechanical problem happens it will more likely be covered by the warranty provided by the dealer when buying the electric car brand new from the lot (Cars Direct, 2012). The average dealer warranty is about six year or 100,000 mile whichever comes first but because we are a car rental c ompany, we will reach the mileage first.Insurance for electric cars are considerably low because they offer discounts for owing that type of car so it will be easier to pass on the savings to the consumer if they decide to purchase it (KBB, 2014). One problem with electric cars is that they are low on horse power which might be a problem for consumers considering that they are more than likely to want to exceed the speed limit on the highway and it might make it a difficult drive when going up on hills and mountains. Another problem with electric cars is that depending on the make and model, the average energy span only lasts about 120 miles before the consumer has to stop and reload the battery. The main complaint among consumers is the amount of time it takes for the battery to recharge. The average charge time is about 4 to 8 hours if the consumer does not use a rapid recharge station which will charge the battery in between thirty minutes to an hour again depending on make and m odel (KBB, 2014).There are about sixty rapid recharge stations in and around Los Angeles but it more likely recommended that electric cars be used for in town usage instead of long trips because of the wishing of rapid recharge stations. Although not considered as an alternative for the fuel vehicle, such as the electric, hydrogen, ethanol, and propane. The hybrid vehicle operates using advanced technology that combines the electric motor, fuel motor, and generator, to create a more efficient use of regular fuel.Hybrids have become the new sensation of invention since slice bread. There are many reasons why Lotus Rental Car should add hybrid cars to their fleet. Consumer reports and background information backing up on the hybrid vehicle, it also shows how their popularity has grown among the world and the American population.Hybrids have their own unique way of operating, having an electric motor and a fuel motor, which makes them real fuel-efficient. Hybrids also offer a special braking system that allows the braking energy to be captured and stored in an onboard battery. Costumers report that this type of vehicle will offer a substantial savings in fuel costs because of the engines efficiency. Some cars typically getting 48 to 60 mpg, and offering 20% to 35% better fuel efficiency than a typical gasoline car. A typical car for example a Honda Civic only offers a range of 36 mpg on the highway. Costumers also report that hybrid vehicles have almost the same maintenance routine as regular vehicles. As, hybrid vehicles switch back and forth between an electric motor, and a traditional fuel engine depending on road conditions. This switch between power sources saves a lot of wear and tear on both of the motors, and increase the fuel range dramatically.The repair costs are high but repair is not as common as it is on traditional vehicles, and as long as maintenance is done properly these vehicles can outlast a traditional vehicle because the technology saves on wear and tear. The typical cost of a hybrid ranges from $19,000 to $25,000 price range. These prices are a quite pricey compare to those of a gas saver car, which range from $14,000 to $17,000. Even though that initial cost of these vehicles is more than the comparable traditional style car, over the long run all of these technologies will save money. When comparing both vehicles the hybrid is still the best investment, on average hybrids offer a ten-year/ 150,000-mile warranty on the batteries and power training, and a three-year/ 36,000 warranty on the rest of the vehicle.Hybrids batteries and motors do not require any more maintenance than any other car, hybrid brakes even last longer than those of a regular car. Hybrids also have tax incentives in the U.S., which can reduce the cost up to $3,400. After all the research we believe that hybrid vehicles are the best pick of an alternative energy vehicle for Lotus Rental Car Company fleet. Given all of this information on the multi ple types of vehicles available we at Lotus Car Rental, Inc. have decided to rivet on purchasing hybrid cars. The reason forthis decision is because the prices of the new hybrid cars are acceptable even though they are more expensive than regular cars but the price difference is more acceptable now than when it is compared to a few years ago. The cost of maintenance will not be an distinguish because by purchasing a brand new hybrid car the manufacturer warranty will be able to cover any major mechanical problems that will happen.This is an important factor for our decision because all rental companies including ourselves never keep vehicles for more than four years because the higher the mileage a car has the more likely that there will be mechanical problems that can happen. As soon a vehicle comes close to exceeding the manufacturer warranty that is when it will be put up for sale. Another reason is that we want to show the consumer that we care about their concerns for the en vironment and gas prices. Todays consumer will more likely rent a hybrid car if the rental price difference is not a lot and the insurance hire stays the same.Eventually Lotus Car Rental, Inc. will switch over to electric cars in the future when the concept is upgraded with technological advances. What we mean by this is that the miles for a fully charged battery will increase as the years pass by and there will also be way more Rapid Recharge Stations throughout the United States. For now the focus will be on switching over to hybrid vehicles because this will show the consumer that this company is adapting to change and that we care. This will create an image that will to financial success.ReferencesAutos.com. (2014, April). Electric Power Car Vs. Gas Powered Car. Retrieved from http//www.autos.com/car-buying/electric-power-car-vs-gas-powered-car?&session-id=d1fa38119d76b5d16b7f062d6bf474f0 Berman, B. (2009, October 30). Timeline History of the Electric Car. Retrieved from http// www.pbs.org/now/shows/223/electric-car-timeline.html Cars Direct. (2012, March 08). Electric Car Costs vs Gasoline Cars vs Hybrids. Retrieved from http//www.carsdirect.com/car-pricing/new-electric-car-costs-vs-standard-gasoline-vehicles ConsumerReports.org. (2013, February). Hybrid/EV buying guide. Retrieved from

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Fahrenheit 451 Essay

In the book Fahrenheit 451, Beatty claims that If you foolt want a house built, hide the nails and wood (61). * What Beatty means here, is that if people dont want society to lose companionship, then all knowledge-bearing materials must be destroyed, which in this instance, be books. Books give people knowledge and more complications, which he claims can make people less happy. Ignorance is bliss because every character in Fahrenheit 451 who discovers the truth is in immediate trouble, and completely loses their control on life.Clarisse is a character who finds herself in trouble because of awareness of the truth. For example, Clarisse says Oh, they dont miss me, Im antisocial. I dont mix. Its so strange. Im very social indeed (29). She cannot fit in with her peers because of her education, and has a hard time socializing at all. A child who is incapable(p) of making friends due to higher education is a very troubling experience for anyone. Beatty also says Clarisse McClellan? W eve a record on her family. Weve watched them carefully.Heredity and environment are funny things. You cant rid yourself of all the odd ducks in just a few years (60). Because of Clarisses family background, and their history, Beatty and the rest of the firemen keep a very close eye on her family. Her entire family is looked upon as social outcasts because of their lack of ignorance. Clarisse later disappears from society. Clarisse is separated and discriminated against, and for this, she was not even able to function in society due to her education.Even more troubling, are the events that occur at Mrs. Blakes house. Mrs. Blake held in her possession an entire library of books, and the fire department is called to guide them destroyed (36-38). By the time the fire department got in that location, and pumped kerosene all over the entire house, she refuses to leave the house. She said You can stop find out as the firemen continued to count and give her time to evacuate the house be fore burning it (39). She wants them to stop wasting their breath and allow her to remain in the house while it was burned.The woman on the porch reached out with contempt to them all and struck the kitchen match against the railing (40). The entire house is burned, with her in it. The woman committed suicide, due to her education and presence of the books. She is so befuddled by the content in the books, that when educated, she refused to even live any longer one time her source of knowledge was burned. Being burned to death is about the most cruel way to die, and Mrs. Blake did all this only because she had been educated.Also, Faber found himself liveting into several problematic situations involving his lack of ignorance. Faber was once an English teacher, meaning that he was very highly educated, because he had the permission to educate students (74). Faber is one who was around during the time where books were starting to be deleted from existence. He had the knowledge, and the readiness to stand up for what was right, but never did. Faber has had to live with his guilt for several years now, just wishing he would have done something different, all because he was educated and enjoyed reading.If Faber would have never been educated, he wouldnt waste his time worrying about the past During a huge fight between Beatty and Montag, Beatty says Well-So theres more here than I thought. I saw you tilt your head, listening. First I thought you had a Seashell. But when you turned clever later, I wondered. Well trace this and drop it on your friend (118). Beatty is threatening to bring harm to Faber, for being associated with Montag. He plans on taking both of them to jail, at this point.Faber was about to get serious jail time or more serious punishment, just for being associated with someone who was trying to become smarter Its very troubling to have the want to be educated, but be punished for the thirst for more education, which is exactly what happened to F aber. However, the best example of someone whose life is destroyed by the absence of ignorance and the presence of books, is Montag. Montag, the protagonist has a life of order in the beginning of the book, he says It was a pleasure to burn.It was a special pleasure to take things eaten, to see things blackened and changed (3). Montag enjoys his life of destruction at first, and nobody is directly harmed by it. After discovering books, this all changed. Montag eventually loses it, kills Beatty (119), and runs from the law (137-179). Montag lost everything his wife, his house, his job, his friends, his entire life Montags life was most affected by the presence of books, and the deletion of all previous ignorance, because with the addition of education, Montags life became a complete misery he wished to get out of.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Recommendation Brief for an Internal Accountant Essay

Currently, a client with an out-of-control organisation is grasping for a change in order to regain their home(a) controls. For any lodge, home(a) controls atomic number 18 passing important for success. Internal controls assist with minimizing mistakes and dishonesty however will not completely eliminate them. The client has an out-of-control system in operation and will unquestionably benefit from having an ingrained accountant. Therefore, it is extremely recommended that a well-qualified internal accountant be directd by the company. An internal accountant will provide watchfulness with the necessary information needed to handle issues that arise, as well as preform system audits to respect internal accountability. Setting forth a steady-going internal audit system will build stability within the company and assist with violations occurring with laws and regulations. The role of an internal accountant will include, but are not limited to, working closely with the own ers and department managers to evaluate the companys performance in the most vital areas of operation and review the policies and procedures to take in they are in line with the companys mission and goals.More specifically, the internal accountant will evaluate the assets, financial accuracy, and that the standards of the government and industry are being followed correctly. The internal accountant will also serve as a security measure for the company and their assets. To directly describe the responsibility of an internal accountant the first action would be to assess the current system and create a plan of action to correct it. The audit will be focusing on deficiencies and areas of improvement. The plan will consist of correcting the items found to be working against the company and implementing suggested changes within. Once the internal accountant has completed their assessment, a buckram create verbally recommendation describing the current control system and the deficienci es, along with an explanation of how management can correct and improve the issues. The hiring of an internal accountant has many advantages, curiously for a company with an out-of-control system such asthe client. The first would be the money saving attribute because there would be no need to occupy an outside auditor.Minimizing deficiencies to prevent a long-term negative affect is another hopeful advantage, as well as improving the overall functioning of the company to be more efficient in operations and successful in hitting the companys mission and goals that have been set. The ideal campaigner for the internal accountant position will pose an exceptional knowledge base of the companys industry operations and goals. This candidate will have admission to confidential information that others may not possess, therefore being part of the companys staff will be able to conduct evaluations of the system and provide management with the necessary tools to correct issues as they surf ace. Specific qualifications and requirements need to play a major role in the hiring process of the internal accountant. These items would include the proper amount of education and experience, to include the required licensing to conduct the appropriate job functions legally. Experience will play a primary role when it comes to written reports and timely problem solving techniques for the current out-of-control system.The client advantage to hiring a candidate with a certain amount of knowledge of the industry would be that the candidate will already have a direction based off of what they know works versus what does not work. As a final part to the hiring process, the internal accountant should display personal attributes that include basic characteristics. Attributes such as being confident, trustworthy, open-minded, and observant. Many other qualities would be looked upon as well. Thus, a recommendation to hire a well-qualified, knowledgeable, and experienced internal accountan t would be an extreme advantage for the client. The client will need to display an open line of communication and maintain that communication for the success of the companys internal controls.ReferencesFDIC. (2013, September 16). FDIC LAws, Regulations, Related Acts. Retrieved from Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation http//www.fdic.gov/regulations/laws/rules/5000-3250.html

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Gangs in Prison

Gangs in Prison The Indo-Aryan Br other(a)hood The Aryan Brotherhood originates in the CDC (California part of Corrections) and trip the light fantastic (Federal Bureau of Prisons). The Aryan Brotherhood was founded in San Quentin, California in the 1960s. The founders were members of other factions from the 1950s called, Bluebirds, Diamond Tooth Gang, and the Nazi Gang. Barry Mills and Tyler Davis atomic number 18 directly the leaders of the Aryan Brotherhood.Their basic beliefs and mission is they believe in the betterment and preservation of the ovalbumin race, in separatism, that no foreigner should rule over the white race, that all who be against or oppress the white race ar sworn enemies, in the rights of the white race, in the right to teach white children of the Aryan cultures and heritage, believe only in the support of the white race, and that it is important to guide the upbringing of white children, as they are the heirs to the future. The Aryan Brotherhood is k nown to be strongest in the southwest and pacific regions.They are weakest in northeastern regions, where the African-American population is more dominant. It has been stated that the Aryan Brotherhood is growing. As of now, there are approximately 500 members. The criminal activities that they are involved in are murder, kidnapping, racketeering, and drug distribution. At least one example of how dangerous it is in prison house for these members is the ABT leader Kelly Ray Ellery and other members ordered subordinates to kill a prospective member and make it messy as possible to send a nitty-gritty to gang members to cooperate with law enforcement.They too ordered to return the mans severed finger as a trophy. The grisly Guerilla Family The Black Guerilla family originated from San Quentin Prison in 1966. The founders of this gang are George Jackson and W. L. Nolen. Their basic beliefs and mission is to eradicate racism, maintain dignity in prison and overthrow the united Stat es Government. They are strongest in San Quentin, CA and Baltimore, Maryland. They are weakest in the southwestern and Pacific regions. Their ranks are growing, they have 50,000 members today. The criminal activities they are involved in while in prison are drug trafficking, extortion, and violent crimes.One example of how dangerous it can be in prison is the supreme commander, Doc Holiday, proved he tranquilize had what it takes to be in the Black Guerilla Family by stabbing a random fellow prisoner to death. The Folk Nation The Folk Nation originated from the Illinois Department of Corrections. I would also like to none that The Folk Nation is not a gang- they are alliances which gangs are aligned. Larry Hoover, the chairman of the Gangster Disciples Nation, created the idea of alliance and persuaded black, white, and Latino gangs from Chicago to join. He did all of this in November 11, 1978.Under their basic beliefs and missions, they maintain a strict code of solidarity, with members promising to hold Folk before family and claiming they will not let my brother fall to a knee. They are strongest in the Midwest and southwest there is no record of where they could possibly be the weakest, because they are all over the United States. They are continuously recruiting members in the streets and in prisons, therefore stating that they are very dominant and only getting stronger. The criminal activities they are commonly involved in are racketeering, murder, robbery, assault, and illegal use of firearms.The Mexican Mafia The Mexican Mafia originated in 1957 at Deuel Vocational Institution in Tracy, California. Luis Huero Buff Flores from the Hawaiian Gardens gang was the founder of The Mexican Mafia. Their basic beliefs were to control the prison system. They are strongest in northern and southern California, but they are in a decline right now. The most obvious of criminal activities of The Mexican Mafia are extortion (RICO), narcotics distribution, and murde r. An example of the danger in the prison system from the Mexican Mafia is in the 1960s, the Mexican Mafia conducted hits in San Quentin and DVI.Doroteo Sleepy Betancourt and Frank moose Bazure murdered a correctional officer just to prove their existence. MS13 The MS13 gang originated in Los Angeles in the 1960s and the 1980s. They didnt real have just one founder it was a group of young Salvadorans that broke off from other Hispanic gangs. Their basic beliefs are self-protection and protection of their families. They are strongest in Alaska, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, and Utah they are also strong in Canada, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and El Salvador.They are weakest in the East coast. They are neither growing or in decline, because they no longer exist they are known now as the Surenos. Their criminal activities consists of drug smuggling, gun running, people smuggling, hi ts for hire, theft, drug sales, and arson. An example to illustrate how dangerous they are is in a recent Texas incident, a member of MS13(Surenos) participated in a gang rape of a 24-year-old woman and then he kicked her in the neck so hard that he broke it and killed her instantly.In conclusion, I notice that they all had similarities in criminal activity. All of their beliefs were very different except for one thing, they all focused more on their own races of people. I also noticed that all but the Mexican Mafia are growing in population. I also realized that the strongest and most dangerous gang in the world is MS13 aka Surenos. Although the other prison gangs are growing in threat level and population MS13 aka Surenos is the largest organized crime entity in the world.Therefore, in conclusion, these prison gangs actually have a lot more in common than what they think they do. The only thing that is really separating them is their racial beliefs. References History of the Mexi can Mafia prison gang July 25th, 2007 Valdemar, Richard www. policemag. com Ten members of Bronx drug trafficking crew charged Jan. 9th, 2013 U. S. Attorneys office www. fbi. gov The Aryan Brotherhood Montaldo, Charles Jan. 2013 www. crime. about. com Ebook Corrections Today Chapter 8 The Prison Experience(males)

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Rhetorical Devices Essay

The definition of an anecdote is a story that is very short that either explains or emphasizes a dit that is trying to be made. In my speech when I was explaining that soccer has affected the paths that my life has taken including schools and friends, I used the short story of getting recruited for soccer at the high school and collegiate level, which is also where I met my best friends. In Bekah Diehls speech making the point that the saying the only hero-worship is fear itself she said she not scared of the fear of baseballs, but rather the ball itself. The story she used was with her friends playing catch with the baseball around her.The culmination is the final part of a speech that closes it and ties it all main points together. In the conclusion the thesis is stated, the main points are summarized, and a clincher is said to go away the audience with. The conclusion for my speech was that soccer has made me a well-rounded individual and has shaped the person that I am today. My favorite memories have include playing soccer and my teammates. When I step on the field I am free. I would not be the same person today if soccer was not in my life. In the closing of Bekah Diehl her conclusion that was her fear of baseballs is real and something she has to deal with. However, she takes comfort that her she doesnt have a phobia of something else and that her phobia could be of something worse.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

“Hurricane Hits England” and “Search For My Tongue” Essay

Comp atomic number 18 how a persons culture is shown to be substantial in Hurricane Hits England and in one other poem.In both(prenominal) Hurricane Hits England and Search For My Tongue, the poems explore the theme of culture being important to person, both poems approach this theme in different ways. In Hurricane Hits England, the poet uses the method of flashbacks to explore the theme, whereas Search For My Tongue approaches this theme by putting us in the germs shoes.In Hurricane Hits England, the subject matter is based around the serious hurricane that hit Southern England 1987. This is a very r atomic number 18 life force that is funny in this country, more frequently occurring in the Caribbean. This storm in England reminds Nichols about her culture and this life force has been able to break the frozen lake within her.This shows us, the proofreader her culture is important to her, by creating a fusion of human life and natural life forces Talk to me HuracanTalk to me Sha ngo. These gods that she is c every last(predicate)ing out to us the reader, makes us also think that she is trying to create a chant as if she sees the hurricane as both Fearful and reassuring. Although she is blissful that the hurricane has come for it has been able to friend her discover her culture again, she is also reminded about what damage this life force can do to a country, physically and emotionally.The poet is using this event in England to patron call her back-home cousin. This is another reminder to us the reader that she wants this occasion to be a flashback of what would turn over happened if she was in the Caribbean. However, she knows that this is not the same as the storms in the Caribbean, as the trees are falling heavy as whales. This simile is used to represent the different types of ecosystems around the world, how different trees have different properties. If you go to the Caribbean, the types of trees are mainly palm trees, with the properties of having flexible bark. However, in England the types of trees are Oak and Pine which are quite heavy and inflexible. This makes the trees unsuitable for this type of weather, making this experience stable remind the poet about her culture, but seeing this weather as a new experience.In Search For My Tongue, the way the poets shows us how culture is important to her is done in different ways, by showing us how it is to be in another country and not be able to express your produce tongue. In this poem, she describes how she is scared of loosing her come tongue, how it would rot and she will have to spit it out.This demonstrates how her language is a very important contribution of her culture and heritage and during the first stanza in the poem the use of botanical imagery shows a mood of death and decay. She explains how she could not create a hybridization tongue, the use of both languages You could not use them both together. This botanical imagery is then used to help the re-growth o f her mother tongue while she is having a dream munay hutoo kay The way how she portrays this stanza of the poem, not only gives the impression of her doing a chant but also had a lyrical feeling towards it. This is then an awakening for her mother tongue to grow, thus rediscovering language and culture is obviously important to the poet.The final stanza is probably the most enlightening and meaningful stanza in the entire poem, for it in the end concludes how culture can be extremely important to people and make them the way they are the bud opens in my mouth. The use of botanical imagery has now been used to firstly represent death and decay, to now being represent growth and re-birth. This use of assonance in the last stanza also helps to castrate the mood of the entire poem, giving it a more positive feel to the poem blossoms out of my mouth. This line not only tells us that she is happy with the culture that she has re-discovered, but it also means that she has found the item that she had lost her tongue. We know this from the title of the poem Search For My Tongue.In conclusion, both of these poems have been able to show how a past culture can be important to a persons character and future growth. This could teach all of us a moral lesson, by telling us that culture is important to everybodys feeling of self by making it mould our characters to what we are today. In both these poems, they might have used different methods to portray these themes, with the outcome giving off the same message.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Learning experience paper acrophobia Essay

Have you ever been on poll of a large construct and were too afraid to look over the side? Have you ever spring uped a really stately tree and were too afraid to climb down? I have, when I was younger I climbed a really long-shanked tree and when I got to the top I looked down, I was too afraid to climb back down. What I was experiencing was a forethought of high gear know as acrophobia. Acrophobia (n.d.) according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is an abnormal arrest of being in a high place fear of heights. I desire that most plurality become a little scared when it comes to heights. in that location is naught wrong with having acrophobia to an extent. It is a defense instrument our bodies use to stop us from walking off cliffs. The problem is when a natural instinct becomes paranoia. For example, psyche who has acrophobia would be scared, nervous, and or panic inside a safe environment like a skyscraper. Symptomsthither are many symptoms of the fear of heights (acroph obia) that may occur when up on a tall building or high place. Many people with acrophobia can become dizzy, excessive sweating, nausea, sick to their stomachs, shaking, ironic mouth, and unable to speak. One of the main symptoms of acrophobia is fear of dying. nearly of these symptoms can then turn into a all-encompassing blown anxiety attack. Discomfort anxiety tends to be specific to certain uncomfortable or chanceful situations- and consequently shows up in such phobias as fear of heights (Ellis, 2003, p.83). It is only believed that between 2 and 5 percent of the worlds population actually suffers from acrophobia, and that twice as many char are affected by acrophobia then men. A common misconception with the fear of heights is people trading it vertigo. silliness happens to people when they are on a tall building and look down from the top. Vertigo is a sensation that causes a person to feel likethey are spinning even though they are not. So even though vertigo occurs to a lot of people when they high in the air, it does not mean they are afraid of heights. Some CausesWhat causes people to become afraid of heights? Some psychologist believe that the fear of heights enters your life from something that happened in your past. Psychologist believe that it is caused by some emotional accidental injury that has to do with heights. For example a person who is agony from acrophobia may have fallen out of a tall tree when they were little. It is also believed that this condition can be triggered by trauma seen in a movie, television, or a real life event involving an otherwise person that has to do with heights.Research and StudiesThere has been some research done on the fear of heights. Psychologists by the name of Gibson and Walk did an investigate in 1960 called Visual Cliff. The Visual Cliff experiment was an experiment to see if babies who were still crawling would carrefour a thick piece of glass that covered a steep drop off. They then effect t he mother on the other side of the drop off to call the baby over to the other side. Even with the mother calling the crawling babies to come to them, the babies still did not cross over the glass. This experiment shows that most humans if not all humans have acrophobia at least partially inseparable in our genetics. I believe this is part of our survival instincts. The CureMany people who are suffering from acrophobia are often prescribed medications to help them out with their fear of heights. Medications will not actually bring around someone of their fears it only masks them. In some cases the side effects of the drugs may be worse than a fear of heights. One of the best treatments for acrophobia is cognitive behavior therapy. Cognitive behavior therapy involves exposing a person to heights and helping them develop coping skills that will help them increase their confidence and change their thought operation towards heights. How I would go about my fear of heights is by actua lly facing my fears. I would defer baby steps when facing this fear. I would find a tall building, I would go to the top of it,and I would then would walk as close to the edge as I could before the fear overcomes me. I would then mark that spot on the ground, I would then come back the next day and take 1 step closer. I would keep that up each day until I get to the edge, and each day I would tell myself to trust my body and building there is nothing to be afraid of. I believe this would be the best approach for me to overcome my fear of heights. cultureSuffering from acrophobia can be something that is hard for a person to deal with. I do believe that we all have a fear of heights, it may be very minute but I do believe we all have it. I think the only way to cure a phobia or fear is to face them. I personally know facing fears is very hard to do but once I overcome the fear it was an incredible feeling.ReferencesEllis, A. (2003). Discomfort anxiety A new cognitive-behavioral c onstruct (part I). Journal of Rational Emotive & Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 21(3-4), 183. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/220282433?accountid=458 Acrophobia. In Merriam-Webster Dictionary online. Retrieved from http//www.merriam-webster.com/ dictionary/acrophobia

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Monotheistic Religions Essay

In what ways is the Holy drink down an important site for all(a) three monotheistic faiths? Jerusalem is a home to dedicated sites that be sacred to the three religions. The city contains numerous houses of worship. It is withal a place of ongoing tensions between apparitional and ethnic groups. The three major monotheistic religions are sometimes reveald as branches of the same family tree. If this is true, how would you describe the trunk of the tree? All three major monotheistic religions claim they began with Abraham.Judaism and Christianity claim that their founders descended from Abrahams parole Isaac. Islam claims descent through his other son, Ishmael. How are the three major holy books of the monotheistic faiths both exchangeable and different? All three faiths own the similar messages from the Holy Book that there is only wizard god. For all three faiths they have different names for their Holy Book Torah, Bible, Quran. How are the basic beliefs of Judaism, Chri stianity, and Islam resembling? All three religions only believe in one god. Jews, Christians, and Muslims honor the Ten Commandments.Followers of all three religions practice some type of fasting. Typically all three involve in collection and worship with other followers. Afterlife is believed by the three religions. All three faiths hold that humans have a soul. What types of internal differences and divisions exist within each religion? Major Jewish sects include Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox.Christianity has many denominations but the largest branches are Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy. The Islamic world is largely divided between two major groups, Sunni and Shia Islam. What characteristics and beliefs of the three religions make them different? Each have a different main holy book. Religious leaders are a rabbi, priest/minister/pope/, and imam. Their house of worship also differ.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Advertising and Promotion Evaluating Arguments Essay

Emotional Argument 1- What if publicize does not live? How a connection wants to promote their crossways and services? 2- How mass media of publicize can promote a companys proceedss and services to potential customers.Ethical Argument 1- king of beasts Burnett, an advertising executive and the founder of Leo Burnett Worldwide Company said Good advertising does not just circulate information. It penetrates the public idea with desires and belief. 2- Robert Smith, an expert in advertising said, Brand to consumer relevance refer to situations where the advertised bell ringer of a product or services is of personal interest to consumers. 3- Grant McCracken said advertisers must try to match the product or companys image, the characteristics of the target market and the personality of the celebrities.Logical Arguments 1- A good advertising can attempt to persuade potential customers to purchase of a product. 2- A company cannot make breathing in to be a well known brand until th ey invests in their promotional activities for which costumer market live been dominating through advertisements. 3- Advertising is an important promotional scape for building company or brand as it is an effective way to provide customers with information and to decide their perception.See more Social work essayWhat I found more persuasiveAdvertising is an effective way to promote a companys product and service to potential costumer. Advertising is also a promotional tool for building company or brand as it is an effective way to provide customers with information and to influence their perceptions.This book is about the advertising and promoting of an integrated marketing communications perspective. The author gives lots of information of how advertising can be use by a company to promote their product. The author also states the definition, statistic and the maturement of advertising. The book is very interesting to read because the author used lots of color to divided all( prenominal) topics and give good examples. This book has a lot of photos for audiences to understand more what the author tried to say. I recommended the audiences to get more information about advertising from this book.

GFP protein

Green Florescent Protein, abbreviated as GFP, is a protein composed of 238 amino acids that is unremarkably found in mnemiopsis, comb Jelly. It has a major wavelength at 396 nm and a minor ane at 475 nm. GFP is what gives mnemiopsis their bright green florescent g broken. ultraviolet conflagrate, or blue light, is necessary to see the florescent glow of this protein. GFP is an sec protein because It Is gamyly resistant to denaturation by temperature and PH. It can survive In temperatures up to 98 degrees and has a pH of 12. 2 referable to Its complex exterior, called the beta barrel. At an pH higher than 12. It denatures. It also has an Isoelectric point at 5. 3. The peripheral beta barrel cannot be digested or broken apart by protease because of the robust bonds holding It together. The beta barrel protects the chromophore, which Is the substance which gives GFP Its green glow. When CFP Is raiseed from the plasmid of an E. Coll or from a Jellyfish, It contains an array inco mpatible contaminants making it surd for scientist to do essays with GFP. A turn in ablutionary GFP from a crude cell extract to nearly 100% GFP so that it can be analyzed and used in scientific experiments and research is necessary.The goal is to ptimize each protocol used to purify crude GFP. Methods Ammonium Sulfate ruin To purify the crude stresss of GFP, the ion exchange method separates substances within the running tube by similar charge. A sample of crude GFP of 7. 5 mL in a p holdic tube was used for the experiment. clear-sighted that 43. 6 grams of ammonium ion convert in a 100 mL tooth root yields a 70% percent saturated solution, the proportion 43. 6g 11 00 mL=x/7. 5 mL was used to correspond that 3. 27 grams of ammonium convert needs to be added to the experimental sample. After adding the ammonium sulphate, the solution was touched gently to prevent frothing.Once approximately of the solution is transferred, the tube was lay on a triple reflect bala nce along with another tube that went through the same process. The centrifuge was set at 15,000 rpms for 15 proceedings so that the hy cast awayhobic materials go tabu separate and become the supernatant patch the GFP pellet go out remain behind. Once the 15 minutes elapsed, a new pipette was used to remove the supernatant, sledding behind the pellet of GFP and hydrophilic contaminates. To remove the hydrophilic substances, 5 mL of 4 zep ammonium sulphate and 15 mL of 10 mL tris at a p of 8 was added Into the oak tree ridge entrifuge shield tube.The solution Is then put Into the centrifuge at 15,000 rpm for 15 minutes again. Once 15 minutes has passed, the supernatant, containing the GFP, was removed by a pipette and put In a microfuge. Hydrophobic Interaction Hgure yaropnoDlc Interactlon set up One molar ammonium sulfate was added to the newspaper mainstay to cleanse the sample. Adding 1 molar ammonium sulfate washes the sample because a high salinity submersion incre ases hydrophobicity of the GFP and the pi stack light, causation most of the GFP to be at the very top of the column. Substances that are hydrophilic get flushed out of the olumn term the more hydrophobic substances reside in the container.After the column has been eluted with 1 molar ammonium sulfate, the tris buffer is added to the ammonium sulfate to dilute it into . 5 molar ammonium sulfate. The volume of 1 molar ammonium sulfate inside(a) the oak ridge centrifuge test tube is the volume of the tris buffer that get out be added. After the column chromatography has been flushed with . 5 molar ammonium sulfate, more hydrophobic substances ordain be flushed out since the hydrophobicity of the tris buffer and the GFP has decreased. This causes the GFP to spread out in the column. Finally the amount of money of . 5 molar ammonium sulfate is diluted with tris buffer to . 5 molar ammonium which should cause most of the GFP to be flushed out of the column along with other subst ances that are very hydrophobic. While this experiment is going on the silver that comes out of the column is collected in multiple test tubes. These test tubes contain GFP and other contaminants. The solutions are than read by a spectrophotometer. Each test tube will be tested by the spectrophotometer so that a graph can be made. Anion Exchange enrol 2 Siphon Bridge set up for Anion Exchange Figure 3 Centricon Test metro In order to use anion exchange, the starting condition of the sample needs to be in a low season solution.However subsequently the GFP had g ane through hydrophobic interaction, it was in a high flavor solution. Before facing this dilemma, the fractions were pooled by centricon which decreases the overall sample volume by removing some buffer and salinity solution. This greatly increases the GFP concentration in the samples. The fractions are placed in the centricon and then into a centrifuge for 25 minutes at 3,000 rpm to be separated by size. The large prot eins stay in the entricon piece of music buffer and coarseness solution goes into the plunger. To reduce the concentration of salt in the GFP sample, the sample is diluted 10 folds.Since the amount of GFP that was restored was 18 mL, 162 mL of tris buffer needed to be added. The diluted GFP is then put in the chromatography container, containing positively charged DEAE which is attracted to the GFP at a low salt concentration. After the GFP has been completely filled, the column is committed to a beaker that contains a low salt concentration. the low salt concentration beaker is connected to a high salt concentration beaker. As one drop of low salt solution goes into the chromatography column, one drop of high salt solution goes into the low salt solution.Gradually the salt concentration increases in the low salt beaker and in the column chromatography, ca employ GFP to spread subdue the container. The eluted GFP dripped out of the column chromatography to be collected in test tu bes. I nree pnase partltlonlng Figure 4 Precipitate of GFP. T- notwithstandingyl alcohol is one top epoch contaminates are on bottom GFP then went through troika-phase partitioning, also known as TTP. The fractions taken afterwardswards an anion exchange was 15 millilieter. Ten ml of 4 M ammonium sulfate was added to this volume to increase the salt concentration of the solution to 1. M, which is about 40% salt saturation. Twenty-five milliliters of t-butanol was added then added which was the same amount of ammonium sulfate and GFP in the container. The container was then placed in the centrifuge for ten minutes at 4600 RPM, causing the admixture to split into three layers butanol on top, GFP in solution on the bottom, and precipitated contaminants in- surrounded by. The top layer of butanol and disk of precipitate were taken out. The volume of GFP solution was again matched in utanol and the container went into the centrifuge again. An aspirator was used to extract the GFP i nto a microfuge. . 6M ammonium sulfate was then added to the microfuge and the container was placed in a micro centrifuge for one minute at 13,000 RPM. Butanol and other contaminants that had not been take out previously formed a disc, was then taken out with an aspirator and the remaining GFP was then left in the microfuge. HPLC Figure 5 HPLC introductory layout After the sample went through three phase partitioning, it was put through the High Performance liquifiable Chromatography for a final civilization. First liquid was put into the HPLC to clean out any previous GFP inside the loop of the HPLC and the column of the HPLC.Then, GFP in the microfuge was sucked into an injector to be put into the HPLC. Pushing the top of the injector slowly, GFP entered into a loop inside the HPLC. Once the GFP was placed in the loop, a knob was turned clockwise to the word lock. The GFP was then send to the column where it was purified further by size through the minuscule beads. About 6,000 pounds of pressure per square pass on was produced by the HPLC to push the GFP through the beads. While this was occurring, a pectrophotometer connected to the HPLC read the wavelengths of substances.Near the 396 nm wavelength, GFP was collected in a microfuge tube. A UV light was held near tne exlt 0T Results e HPLC to measure tne amount ng sample. graph 1 Results of the sample after HIC at a wavelength of 395 nm Graph 2 Results of the sample after HIC at a wavelength of 280 nm Graph 3 Results of the sample after HIC of the replete(p) spectrum Seventeen test tubes were received after the HIC purification process. A blank consisting of tris buffer and ammonium sulfate was sampled in the spectrophotometer against liquid from each of the seventeen test tubes.Graph one represents the sample after HIC at a wavelength of 395 nm while graph two Results shows the results after HIC at a wavelength of 280 nm. After HIC, the fractions 12 to 16 were chosen for their justice and recovery of GFP. Graph one show the amount of GFP in each fraction number while graph two shows the ingrained amount of protein in each fraction number. Graph three shows the spectrum of the entire sample. Graph 4 Results after Anion Exchange at a 397 nm wavelength Graph 5 Results after Anion Exchange at a 280 nm wavelength Graphing 6 Thirteen test tubes were collected from the Anion Exchange purification process.This time the samples were blanked against tris buffer at 8. 0 pH and 0. 5 molar sodium chloride. Graph iv shows results of the Anion Exchange at a 397 nm wavelength and graph five shows the results after Anion Exchange at a 280 nm wavelength. Once again, the graph at a 297 nm wavelength shows the amount of GFP while the graph at a 280 nm wavelength shows the amount of total protein. Graph six represents the results of the entire spectrum. The GFP peak was a people more visible. Step Iotal sample (mL Abs (280) Total Protein Abs (397) GFP Ratio Crude sample 120 1600 . 25 At-ns042- 2 0 1 . 61 . 9 118 HIC 18 . 28 . 173 . 618 15 . 126 . 130 1. 03 3 Phase separate . 01 n/a . 75 . 243 . 257 1. 06 Table 1 This is the overall data table. The second column shows the total volume at the start of each purification step. The following two columns are the peaks of the graphs at those wavelengths. The last column represents the ratio of GFP to the total Protein. The most desirable ratio is 1. 25. Dlscusslon The offset printing method in purifying the crude GFP was using the ammonium sulfate precipitate. When ammonium sulfate is placed in water supply, it dissociates into ammonium (NH4+) and sulfate ions (S042-).Water, composed of two hydrogen ions and one oxygen ion, is a polar molecule because the oxygen has a high electronegativity. Oxygen has a greater affinity making the oxygen portion of water negative and the hydrogen portion of the water positive. The dissociated positively charged ammonium ion is allured to the negatively charged oxygen while the negatively char ged sulfate ions are attracted to the dissociated positively charged hydrogen. The attraction between the ammonium sulfate and the water was so strong that the GFP and other proteins were left unoccupied, causing them to precipitate.When GFP in the 70% salt solution was placed into the centrifuge, substances such as DNA and RNA was removed because they became part of the supernatant. At a 70% salt concentration, only hydrophilic substances stay in solution while the more hydrophobic substances precipitate. When the GFP in a 25% solution of salt was placed in the centrifuge, the GFP and other substances went back into solution because there not enough water was occupied by the salt. Before the GFP is placed in the centrifuge, it must be balanced with another centrifuge with the same weight and the two containers must be placed crosswise from one another.This is vital because the centrifuge needs to be balanced when it is rotating at an incredibly fast speed. affliction to have bala nced centrifuge containers can result in a broken centrifuge and flashy sounds. Also when mixing the GFP with salt, it is important not the shake the container or frothing will occur, making it difficult to transfer the solution in to an oak ridge centrifuge tube. The second purification procedure that GFP underwent was hydrophobic interactions. During this purification, GFP binded to the non-polar Phenyl Sepharose beads because of its non-polar and hydrophobic traits.However the water in tris buffer is strong enough to separate the attraction between GFP and the Phenyl Sepharose. Therefore a high salt concentration is necessary to occupy the water so that the GFP and the Phenyl Sepharose to be attracted together. At a high salt concentration, GFP with bind easily to the Phenyl Sepharose since very little water molecules would deputise with the attraction and at a low salt concentration, GFP would not bind easily to the Phenyl Sepharose because tnere wlll De a lot 0T unoccuplea wat er molecules tnat wlll De aDle to InterTere wltn the GFP and Phenyl Sepharose attraction.Before the experiment, ten millimolar tris buffer at a pH of 8 was used to clean the column in order to keep the pH stable and to wash away the salt, ammonium sulfate, in the column. Removing the salt is vital because the buffer that once surrounds the salt will be allured to the hydrophobic benzine and to the hydrophobic patches on the GFP. Since the hydrophobic patches of the GFP are already filled, they will be flushed out, leaving mostly beads of benzene and the 10 millimolar tris buffer at a pH of 8. Once the column has been clean, it needs to be equilibrated so that the salt concentration is the same through the olumn.The step gradient used, started ata 1 molar ammonium sulfate concentration and was halved until a . 25 molar concentration to separate substances by hydrophobicity. The third purification procedure was anion exchange. In this procedure, GFP and other contaminants are separat ed by charge. The beads in the containers are different from the beads from the hydrophobic interaction because on they have a different chemical called DEAE which makes them positively charged. GFP has both protons and electrons on it which is why it was not easily attracted to the DEAE, which is why the GFP is put in a basic solution.Ata high pH, the amount of negatively charged hydroxide increases and these hydroxides are allured by the protons on the GFP. The protons are than neutralized, making GFP a negatively charged molecule. The isoelectric point of GFP is at a pH of 5. 3. Ata pH higher than 5. 3, it is negatively charged and when it is at a pH lower than 5. 3, it is positively charged. Once the column chromatography is filled with GFP and connected to a beaker of low salt which connected to a beaker of high salt, anion exchange occurs. As the salt concentration increases, the GFP slowly spreads down the column and eventually out f the column into test tubes.Between the HIC and the Ion exchange chromatography, the sample the fractions were pooled and put in a centricon causing the GFP concentration in the samples to increase. This occurred because the ultrafilter only allowed particles smaller than protein to go in to the pusher. The large proteins stay in the centricon while buffer and salt solution goes into the plunger. The sample of GFP was also diluted 10 folds because the sample needs to be in a low salt solution to use anion exchange and after the GFP had gone through hydrophobic interaction, it was in a high salt solution.The anion exchange method creates a continuous salt gradient because as one drop of low salt solution goes into the column chromatography, causing GFP to spread down the container. The follow procedure was the three phase partitioning purification. T-butanol and 1. 6 molar ammonium sulfate were essential for this procedure. T-butanol has a low density causing in to stay preceding(prenominal) the GFP solution. In addition it has an attraction for water and other hydrophobic substances causing 5 mL of water to be drawn out of the GFP sample and precipitated substances to float between the t-butanol and the GFP sample.Fresh t-butanol is necessary after removing the old t-butanol with the contaminants because at that point, the salt concentration had increased since water was drawn out. was aDle to De preclpltatea Decause 0T tne nlgn salt concentration. The final procedure for purifying GFP was using the HPLC which separated substances by size. The beads used in the HPLC column are miniscule and porous. The pours on the beads give substances of the same size more opportunities to leave the HPLC at the same time. Since the beads are so small, high pressure is needed to push the GFP sample through the beads.Naturally, smaller substances will exit the HPLC first while larger materials will exist last. In all scientific experiments room for error is unavoidable. During the HIC, IEX, three phase partitioning, a nd the HPLC, amounts of GFP were lost due to the GFP sticking to a container, a pipette, and even spills. During the HIC some of the GFP was lost due the overflowing the test tubes with liquid exiting the column. During the HPLC some GFP was lost because not all GFP dripping out of the HPLC went in to the microphage. Other errors include letting the column dry because the liquid was not dded to the beaker about the column.During the spectrophotometer runs, the blank was no inserted correctly causing the reading of the GFP to be incorrect. In addition, the order in which the GFP samples were suppose to be placed in the spectrophotometer was messed up. Judging from the overall purification table, table 1, the purification was quite successful. Originally, the ratio was only . 25, but by the end of all the purification procedures, it obtained a ratio 1. 06. A 1. 25 ratio is most desirable and through the purification, the ratio was nearly reached. The anion exchange, three phase artiti oning, and the HPLC purification were the most impacting procedures.The anion exchange greatly increased the purity of the crude sample compared to the HIC purification. The three phase partitioning and HPLC purified the GFP even more. Some improvements to the protocols would be to start with the anion exchange purification so that overall, the salt solution would go from a low salt concentration to a higher salt concentration. This also eliminates the need to dilute the solution. In addition, an automatic tool could be used to shift the test tubes that collect the iquid exiting the columns to prevent overflowing test tubes and the risk losing GFP.GFP is ridiculous because of its florescent glow. This glow can be used as a marker or an indicator. If a gleaming marker could be placed on infectious cells such as tumor cells or cancerous cells, it would revolutionize the treatment of these diseases because doctors will be able to track where the harmful cells are. In addition, if it is possible to start out the florescence of GFP with UV light, it can eventually be used in light bulbs to produce light. GFP light bulbs would last for an incredibly long time ince they are very resistant to denaturing.In addition, in vehicles, GFP can be mixed in the motor oil, transmission oil, power steering oil, air conditioning oil, and other oils so that if a leak occurs in a car, it can easily be spotted by shinning UV light on the car. The purification of GFP can lead to endless new innovations in electrical engineering, self-propelling repair, and curing deadly diseases.

Friday, May 17, 2019

Discipline

1a. Roses action was wrong. It was an insult to Kalindas personality. Since Rose had an unresolved issue with an street girl, Kalinda was obligation by calling Rose into her office to discourse and address the matter. Although, the comp eithers policy back up open-door policy which rose was trying to adopt, it was wrong for her to say such word directly as if on that point have been both(prenominal) unresolved issues between her and Kalinda. Rose also insulted her by saying she knows her right and that she exit take care of the person to talk to.2. Perhap, Kalinda should have not asked rose to come to her office to contend the issue, she index have just called her and the operator together so that she will hear both from the operator and then from rose. Also Kalinda perhaps should not have asked the question who rose will be contented talking to Kalinda can just talk to her, try to encourage her, and probably sought out any unresolved differences between them, then ask abou t the issue with the operator. Furthermore, Kalinda can also wait for some time, so that Rose can come to her senses after the rigorous conflict with the operator, before calling her to discuss the issue.2. a) Randys answer to Judith was grossly inappropriate. Judith has not d building blockness wrong by trying to emit to Randy on his behavior to the customer, since it is for the benefit and in the interest of the company. From Randys action to the customer, one can easily deduce that he has some personality problems and he could not control his emotions (i.e. he is not matured). Judith knew that if Randy continues in this right smart, the company might end up losing some important customers wherefore she needed to speak to Randy. Moreover, she did call randy in a modest way respecting his person by calling him to her office.b). Probably he might have some personal issues with Judith that made him to react this way or may be he had personality disorder. Also, randy might have a deplorable day or had a conflict at home before coming to work.c). after witnessing the whole scenario, she should have waited much longer before calling him, probably during break when he is relax. Moreover, Randy might feel belittled when Judith called her to her office, so might have save Randy the stress of leaving the desk for her office.d). Yes. at least for Judith to have called him to her office that means she must be his senior at work, so he must be punished, first, for treating the customers in a unprofessional ways and secondly, by disrespecting a senior incumbent in the company.